āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļšāļ™
 

āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļ™āļŦāļē

āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļ™āļŦāļēāļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡
176
āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒā
āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒā
-tham^hai/sÄŦa-jai
[āļ—āļģ-āđ„āļŦāđ‰-āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ-āđƒāļˆ]
 make someone sad ; cause someone to feel sorry ; hurt someone's feelings ; sadden

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177
āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļ°āđ€āļĨāļēāļ°āļ§āļīāļ§āļēāļ— 
āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļ°āđ€āļĨāļēāļ°āļ§āļīāļ§āļēāļ— 
^reÅŦang¯tha¯lĮŋ¯wi^wāt
[āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡-āļ—āļ°-āđ€āļĨāļēāļ°-āļ§āļī-āļ§āļēāļ”]
 quarrel ; dispute ; argument ; matter of dispute ; contentious issue ; cause of a quarrel
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļ™āļēāļĄ (n. exp.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:

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0
0
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178
āļ—āļģāļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒāļˆāļīāļ•āđƒā
āļ—āļģāļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒāļˆāļīāļ•āđƒā
-tham¯rāi_jit-jai
[āļ—āļģ-āļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒ-āļˆāļīāļ”-āđ„āļˆ]
 hurt someone's feelings ; hurt emotionally ; cause emotional pain ; distress ; upset ; wound someone's feelings

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179
āļāđˆāļ­āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļ°āđ€āļĨāļēāļ°āļ§āļīāļ§āļēāļ— 
āļāđˆāļ­āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļ°āđ€āļĨāļēāļ°āļ§āļīāļ§āļēāļ— 
_kø^reÅŦang¯tha¯lĮŋ¯wi^wāt
[āļāđˆāļ­-āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡-āļ—āļ°-āđ€āļĨāļēāļ°-āļ§āļī-āļ§āļēāļ”]
 to provoke a fight ; to instigate a brawl ; to cause a violent altercation ; to stir up a physical dispute
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļāļĢāļīāļĒāļē (v. exp.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:
āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—:
  • āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ

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0
0
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180
āļ•āļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļĄāļ°āđ€āļ‚āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ—āļĻ 
āļ•āļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļĄāļ°āđ€āļ‚āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ—āļĻ 
-tam_rÅŦat¯ma/kheÅŦa^thēt
[āļ•āļģ-āļŦāļšāļĢāļ§āļ”-āļĄāļ°-āđ€āļ‚āļ·āļ­-āđ€āļ—āļ”]
 police officers sympathetic to the Red Shirt movement ; Red Shirt–leaning police officers ; police sympathetic to the Red Shirt cause
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļ™āļēāļĄ (n. exp.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:

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0
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181
āļŦāļĄāļđāđ€āļ‚āļēāļˆāļ°āļŦāļēāļĄāđ€āļ­āļēāļ„āļēāļ™āđ„āļ›āļŠāļ­āļ” 
āļŦāļĄāļđāđ€āļ‚āļēāļˆāļ°āļŦāļēāļĄāđ€āļ­āļēāļ„āļēāļ™āđ„āļ›āļŠāļ­āļ” 
/mÅŦ/khao_ja/hām-ao-khān-pai_søt
[āļŦāļšāļĄāļđ-āđ€āļ‚āļē-āļˆāļ°-āļŦāļēāļĄ-āđ€āļ­āļē-āļ„āļēāļ™-āđ„āļ›-āļŠāļ­āļ”]
 to put a spoke in the wheel ; to interfere unnecessarily ; to meddle and cause obstruction ; to make things harder for others

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0
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182
āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļ 
āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļ 
¯ni-ti_hēt
 legal cause ; causative event

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0
0
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183
āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ 
āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ 
^tang-jai^hai_koēt^kheun
[āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡-āđ„āļˆ-āđ„āļŦāđ‰-āđ€āļāļīāļ”-āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™]
 to intentionally cause something to happen ; to deliberately bring about an event ; to make something happen on purpose

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0
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184
āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļœāļĨ 
āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļœāļĨ 
-kān¯wi-jai-choēng_hēt/phon
[āļāļēāļ™-āļ§āļī-āđ„āļˆ-āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡-āđ€āļŦāļ”-āļœāļ™]
 causal research ; causal analysis research ; research on cause-and-effect relationships
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļ™āļēāļĄ (n. exp.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:

0
0
0
0
185
āļ•āļąāļ”āđ„āļŸāļŦāļąāļ§āļĨāļĄ 
āļ•āļąāļ”āđ„āļŸāļŦāļąāļ§āļĨāļĄ 
_tat-fai/hÅŦa-lom
[āļ•āļąāļ”-āđ„āļŸ-āļŦāļąāļ§-āļĨāļĄ]
 nip something in the bud ; prevent a problem from escalating ; address the root cause before it gets worse
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļāļĢāļīāļĒāļē (v. exp.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:

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0
0
0
186
āļĄāļĩāļŠāļ™āļąāļāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļĨāļąā
āļĄāļĩāļŠāļ™āļąāļāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļĨāļąā
-mÄŦ¯cha¯nak_pak/lang
[āļĄāļĩ-āļŠāļ°-āļ™āļąāļ-āļ›āļąāļ-āļŦāļšāļĨāļąāļ‡]
 have a guilty secret ; have a skeleton in the closet ; have a hidden past that could cause trouble

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187
āļĄāļēāļāļŦāļĄāļ­āļĄāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ 
āļĄāļēāļāļŦāļĄāļ­āļĄāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ 
^māk /mø ^māk -khwām
[āļĄāļēāļ-āļŦāļšāļĄāļ­-āļĄāļēāļ-āļ„āļšāļ§āļēāļĄ]
 too many cooks spoil the broth ; too many opinions cause confusion ; too many doctors, too many diagnoses

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188
āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ›āļąāđˆāļ™āļ›āđˆāļ§āļ™ 
āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ›āļąāđˆāļ™āļ›āđˆāļ§āļ™ 
-tham^hai_ta_lāt_pan_pÅŦan
[āļ—āļģ-āđ„āļŦāđ‰-āļ•āļ°-āļŦāļšāļĨāļēāļ”-āļ›āļąāđˆāļ™-āļ›āđˆāļ§āļ™]
 destabilize the market ; disrupt the market ; cause turmoil in the market ; throw the market into turmoil ; create volatility in the market
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļāļĢāļīāļĒāļē (v. exp.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:
āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—:
  • āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ

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0
0
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189
āļŦāļēāđ€āļŦāļēāđƒāļŠāđˆāļŦāļąāļ§ 
āļŦāļēāđ€āļŦāļēāđƒāļŠāđˆāļŦāļąāļ§ 
/hā/hao_sai/hÅŦa
[āļŦāļē-āđ€āļŦāļē-āđ„āļŠāđˆ-āļŦāļąāļ§]
 look for trouble ; bring trouble upon oneself ; cause oneself unnecessary problems ; create problems where there were none

0
0
0
0
190
āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŦāļēāļĒāđƒāļˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļ­ā
āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŦāļēāļĒāđƒāļˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļ­ā
-tham^hai/hāi-jai^mai_øk
[āļ—āļģ-āđ„āļŦāđ‰-āļŦāļēāļĒ-āđƒāļˆ-āđ„āļĄāđˆ-āļ­āļ­āļ]
 to suffocate someone ; to cause someone to stop breathing ; to choke someone ; to asphyxiate someone
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļāļĢāļīāļĒāļē (v. exp.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:
āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—:
  • āđāļžāļ—āļĒāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ

0
0
0
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191
āļāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ§āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ­ 
āļāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ§āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ­ 
^kāng/khwāng-khø
[āļāđ‰āļēāļ‡-āļ‚āļšāļ§āļēāļ‡-āļ„āļ­]
 obstacle ; hindrance ; someone who gets in the way ; someone who causes an interruption ; something that gets in the way
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļ™āļēāļĄ (n. exp.)
āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ™āļēāļĄ:āļ„āļ™ (āļ„āļ™])
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:

0
0
0
0
192
āļžāļĨāļīāļāļĻāļž 
āļžāļĨāļīāļāļĻāļž 
¯phlik_sop
[āļžāļšāļĨāļīāļ-āļŠāļš]
 conduct a postmortem examination ; perform an autopsy ; examine a corpse to determine the cause of death
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļāļĢāļīāļĒāļē (v. exp.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:
āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—:
  • āđāļžāļ—āļĒāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ

0
0
0
0
193
āļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļī 
āļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļī 
-tham-lāi¯sap¯pha-yā-køn-tham¯ma^chāt
[āļ—āļģ-āļĨāļēāļĒ-āļ‹āļąāļš-āļžāļ°-āļĒāļē-āļāļ­āļ™-āļ—āļģ-āļĄāļ°-āļŠāļēāļ”]
 destroy natural resources ; damage natural resources ; deplete natural resources ; cause destruction of natural resources
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļāļĢāļīāļĒāļē (v. exp.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:
āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—:
  • āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ

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0
0
0
194
OK
āđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļ§āļ‚āļēāļ” 
āđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļ§āļ‚āļēāļ” 
/chÄŦo_khāt
[āđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļ§-āļ‚āļēāļ”]
 narrowly break ; graze and tear ; barely miss and snap ; skim and cause a break ; cut sharply ; sever ; break off abruptly
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļāļĢāļīāļĒāļē (v. exp.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:

0
0
0
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195
āļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ 
āļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ 
-tham-lāi_sing^waēt¯løm
[āļ—āļģ-āļĨāļēāļĒ-āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡-āđāļ§āļ”-āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ]
 damage the environment ; destroy the environment ; harm the environment ; degrade the environment ; cause environmental destruction
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļāļĢāļīāļĒāļē (v. exp.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:
āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—:
  • āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ

0
0
0
0
196
āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļķāļāļ”āļĩ 
āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļķāļāļ”āļĩ 
-tham^hai¯rÅŦ_seuk-dÄŦ
[āļ—āļģ-āđ„āļŦāđ‰-āļĢāļđāđ‰-āļŠāļķāļ-āļ”āļĩ]
 to make someone feel good ; to make feel good ; to cause a feeling of well-being ; to comfort ; to please someone

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0
0
0
197
āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļāļąāļĄāļĄāļąāļ™āļ•āļ āļēāļžāļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩ 
āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļāļąāļĄāļĄāļąāļ™āļ•āļ āļēāļžāļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩ 
-tham^hai_koēt-phā¯wa-kam-man_ta^phāp-rang/sÄŦ
[āļ—āļģ-āđ„āļŦāđ‰-āđ€āļāļīāļ”-āļžāļē-āļ§āļ°-āļāļģ-āļĄāļąāļ™-āļ•āļ°-āļžāļēāļš-āļĢāļąāļ‡-āļŠāļĩ]
 to induce radioactivity ; to make radioactive ; to render radioactive ; to cause a substance to become radioactive
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļāļĢāļīāļĒāļē (v. exp.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:
āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—:
  • āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ

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0
0
0
198
OK
āļ—āļģāļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒāļĢāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĒ 
āļ—āļģāļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒāļĢāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĒ 
-tham¯rāi^rāng-kāi
[āļ—āļģ-āļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒ-āļĢāđˆāļēāļ‡-āļāļēāļĒ]
 assault ; attack ; injure ; molest ; harm ; abuse ; hurt ; commit bodily harm ; cause bodily injury
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļāļĢāļīāļĒāļē (v.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:
āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—:
  • āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ
āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡:

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199
āļ§āļīāļ™āļīāļˆāļ‰āļąāļĒāđ‚āļĢāļ„ 
āļ§āļīāļ™āļīāļˆāļ‰āļąāļĒāđ‚āļĢāļ„ 
¯wi¯nit/chai^rōk
[āļ§āļī-āļ™āļīāļ”-āđ„āļ‰-āđ‚āļĢāļ]
 diagnose ; make a diagnosis of a disease ; determine the cause of an illness through medical examination
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ:āļ„āļģāļāļĢāļīāļĒāļē (v. exp.)
āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:
āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—:
  • āđāļžāļ—āļĒāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ

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200
āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļĢāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒ 
āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļĢāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒ 
-tham^hai¯rai_pra_yōt
[āļ—āļģ-āđ„āļŦāđ‰-āđ„āļĢāđ‰-āļ›āļšāļĢāļ°-āđ‚āļŦāļšāļĒāļ”]
 render useless ; make useless ; deprive of usefulness ; neutralize the usefulness of ; cause something to become ineffective

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āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒ 176 – 200 āļˆāļēāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” 224 āļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢ